Is Air Conditioning a Basic Human Right?

AC’s Shift From Luxury to Necessity

Amidst another heat wave in New York City this summer, a bill has been proposed by a city council member mandating landlords provide air conditioning for tenants over the summer months. Landlords are already responsible for providing heating during the winter – this policy change would also make air conditioning a right for renters in NYC.

Since its invention, cooling has often been regarded as a luxury. But as time goes on and summers become noticeably hotter, perspectives have changed. Is AC a necessity now? HVAC.com explores that question and discusses the growing impact of climate change on the demand for cooling solutions worldwide.

Heat Concerns in 2024

We’re only one month into the official 2024 summer season, and new heat records are being set across the country:

• Palm Springs, CA, hit a record 124 degrees on July 7th, an all-time temperature high for the city.
• On July 6th, Las Vegas, NV, reached an all-time temperature high of 120 degrees.
• Raleigh, NC, reached a record high of 106 degrees on July 5th.
• Death Valley’s Furnace Creek reached its fourth-highest recorded temperature in over a century on July 7th with 129.3 degrees.

2023 was the hottest year on record globally, and the US has been warming at a faster rate than other parts of the world.

Climate Change and Rising Temperatures

Air conditioning has become a necessity in many parts of the country due to more frequent extreme heat events. Summers are becoming hotter and lasting longer, with record-breaking temperatures becoming more common each year. 

While some regions of the country have long recognized the necessity of air conditioning, others are more recently starting to experience the impacts of rising temperatures. Traditionally cooler areas like the Northeast and Pacific Northwest are now facing hotter summers, prompting homeowners and business owners to reevaluate the need for AC systems. Adapting to these changes requires a proactive approach to ensure that all regions are prepared for future climate conditions.

Homes and schools in cities like Seattle, Portland, and Boston, were once designed without central air systems. These areas are now experiencing the discomfort and health risks associated with extreme heat. 

Health and Safety Concerns

High temperatures can have severe health implications, especially for vulnerable populations such as the elderly, children, and people with preexisting health conditions. Heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke, can be life-threatening. Air conditioning helps mitigate these risks by providing a cool and controlled indoor environment.

Is AC a Necessity at Certain Temperatures?

According to Dr. Rosmy Barrios, MD, a medical advisor for the Health Reporter, people should consider using air conditioning when the indoor temperature reaches 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Meanwhile, Alex Ebner, owner of ACE Medical Company, says it’s advised to turn on your AC when the outdoor temperature reaches 85 degrees or higher to stay cool, comfortable, and safe.

“When the temperature rises to 32 degrees Celsius (89.6 Fahrenheit), it becomes necessary to use AC, as heat becomes intolerable at that time,” said Cynthia Hamilton, a health and wellness coach for YOGI TIMES:  “So, in my opinion, the necessity to use AC depends on factors such as heat, humidity, age, geographical area, and environmental conditions.”

Air conditioning can also improve indoor air quality by filtering out pollutants, allergens, and dust. This is particularly important for people with respiratory issues such as asthma or allergies. A well-maintained AC system can help reduce the presence of mold and mildew, which thrive in humid conditions.

Health Threats Associated With the Heat

Dr. Barrios says extreme heat waves pose a serious health risk, especially for groups more susceptible to heat-related illnesses including children, the elderly, and people with medical issues.

“These vulnerable populations are at a higher risk because hot weather can worsen the development of specific illnesses, including heart disease or immune system disorders,” she said. “Furthermore, during heat waves, even people who are not at higher risk for health problems may have negative impacts.”

On especially hot and humid days, the likelihood of heat exhaustion, dehydration, and a potentially life-threatening heatstroke increase.

Some of the other negative health effects of a heat wave include:

• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Headaches
• Heatstroke
• Respiratory problems
• Cardiovascular issues
• Heat-related stress and mental health impacts

Studies have shown that a cooler room temperature can improve sleep quality, helping people fall asleep faster and enjoy deeper, more restorative sleep. Without air conditioning, sleep quality can be impacted, contributing to overall poor health.

Staying cool in an air-conditioned home or business is crucial to the safety of you, your family, and your pets.

“Due to high-intensity heat waves, going without AC has many serious health issues, as people like children and the elderly are unable to bear those heat waves and suffer from exhaustion, strokes, and low blood pressure, which can cause death,” Hamilton said.

How Heat Affects Productivity and Comfort

The impact of air conditioning on productivity cannot be overstated. Studies have shown that high indoor temperatures can negatively affect cognitive function, leading to decreased productivity at work and in school. For businesses, this can translate into significant economic losses. Ensuring a comfortable indoor environment can enhance employee performance and overall morale.

In educational settings, maintaining a cool and comfortable environment is critical for students’ concentration and learning abilities. As temperatures rise, students become more prone to fatigue and distraction, which hinders their ability to absorb and retain information.

Just as students struggle with high temperatures, teachers also find it challenging to maintain their energy levels and teaching effectiveness in hot classrooms. Schools and universities that invest in air conditioning systems can provide a better learning and work environment, potentially improving educational outcomes and teacher morale.

Tips to Stay Cool During the Hot Weather

When it feels excessively hot and humid outside, ensure you’re safe inside. Some tips to stay cool during a summer heat wave include:

• Use air conditioning. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, air conditioning is one of the best ways to prevent heat-related illness and death. If you do not have access to air conditioning in your home, spend time in public facilities and use air conditioning when you’re in vehicles. The CDC recommends contacting the local health department to ask about nearby cooling shelters.
• Do not rely on fans. While fans are fine to use on warm days, they will not provide adequate cooling during extreme heat.
• Stay hydrated. It’s imperative to stay hydrated during hot and muggy conditions. Drink more water than usual to avoid heat-related illness and muscle cramping.
• Limit outdoor activity, especially midday.
• Wear loose-fitting, lightweight clothing.
• Limit using the oven and stove.